Speech Disorders: Speech sound disorders include problems with articulation (making sounds) and phonological processes (sound patterns). A speech disorder is an impairment of the articulation of fluency, speech sounds, and/or voice. These are disorders of motor speech production. They can be present from birth (congenital) or resulting from other causes (acquired); such as a head injury or illness). Producing speech is very complex.     

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   Articulation: "Articulation"

is the production of speech sounds. A person with an "articulation disorder" can be difficult to understand because they say sounds incorrectly. They might substitute one sound for another, e.g., "The thun is yewwow"' for " The sun is yellow".

 

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   Phonological Disorders: A phonological disorder is an impaired comprehension of the sound system of a language, and the rules that govern the sound combinations. Read  More
 
  Orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMD)With OMD, the tongue moves forward in an exaggerated way during speech and/or swallowing. The tongue may lie too far forward during rest or may protrude between the upper and lower teeth during speech and swallowing, and at rest

   Voice Disorders: Voice disorders are characterized by the abnormal production and/or absence of vocal quality, pitch, loudness, resonance, and/or duration, given an individuals age and/or sex. 

    Fluency Disorders:   Inappropriate rate and time patterning of speech at least five percent of the time, characterized by any of the following:  sound and syllable repetitions, sound prolongations, audible or silent blocking, interjections, broken words, circumlocutions, or words produced with an excess of tension and accompanied by ancillary movements that are indicative of stress or struggle.   A fluency disorder is a speech disorder characterized by deviations in continuity, smoothness, rhythm, and/or effort with which phonological, lexical, morphological, and/or syntactic language units are spoken . Read More    

Language Disorders:
    A language disorder is the impaired comprehension and/or use of spoken, written, and/or other symbol systems. The disorder may involve the form, content, and/or function of language in communication. Language-based learning disabilities are problems with age-appropriate reading, spelling, and/or writing. This disorder is not about how smart a person is. Most people diagnosed with learning disabilities have average to superior intelligence.        

 

 

     Selective mutism (formally known as elective mutism)  is a disorder that usually occurs during childhood. It is when the child does not to speak in at least one social setting. However, the child can speak in other situations. Selective mutism typically occurs before a child is 5 years old and is usually first noticed when the child starts school.

    Learning Disabilities:  

The National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities (LD) defines LD as a "general term to refer to a heterogeneous group of disorders manifested by significant difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical skills".

 

Hearing Disorders: A hearing disorder is the result of impaired auditory sensitivity of the physiological auditory system which may limit the development, comprehension, production, and/or maintenance of speech and/or language. www.agbell.org/docs/SHchecklist.pdf 

Use this link for concerns regarding your child for a speech and hearing checklist